The 2025 Anambra State Governorship Election takes place in a complex socio-political environment shaped by historical electoral violence, heightened political competition, and evolving security dynamics. Recognising the interplay of structural and situational factors that could influence electoral integrity, the Election Security Risk Assessment (ESRA) was deployed to provide a comprehensive diagnostic of potential threats to safe, credible, and inclusive elections. The ESRA approach situates elections within broader societal processes, recognising that governance, socio-economic conditions, security environments, and information dynamics collectively shape electoral outcomes. By producing actionable intelligence, ESRA equips electoral stakeholders—including INEC, security agencies, political actors, civil society, media, and local communities—with tools to anticipate, prevent, and respond to risks in real time.